Impacto de la Covid19 en las barreras percibidas para practicar actividad física en las personas usuarias de centros fitness en España / Impacto da Covid19 nas barreiras percebidas para a prática de atividade física em pessoas em centros de fitness na Espanha / Impact of Covid19 on perceived barriers to practice physical activity in users of fitness centers in Spain

Esta investigación pretende conocer las barreras percibidas, así como posibles variables predictoras, en personas que practican actividad física en centros fitness que se encontraban confinadas en el hogar porla pandemia de COVID-19. La muestra estuvo conformada por 8.087 practicantes de actividad física. Se administró un cuestionario en línea por correo electrónico. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las barreras percibidas y un análisis de regresión logística para determinar posibles variables predictoras. Las barreras percibidas más importantes fueron el precio y la suerte de la seguridad. La edad, el sexo, la frecuencia de práctica física vigorosa y la observación de las recomendaciones de la OMS serían las variables predictoras en mayor medida de las barreras percibidas. Los resultados son relevantes para que las organizaciones deportivas planifiquen su oferta de servicios después del confinamiento. (AU)

This research intends to know the perceived barriers, as well as their predictor variables, in people who practice Physical Activity in fitness centers and were home confined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample was conformed of 8,087 physical activity practitioners. An online questionnaire was administered by email. A descriptive analysis of the perceived barriers was done, and logistic regression analysis to determine possible predictor variables. The most important perceived barriers were price and a lack of safety. Age, gender, the vigorous physical practice frequency and the observation of the WHO recommendations would be the predictor variables to a larger extend for the perceived barriers. The results arerelevant for sport organizations to plan their services offer post lockdown. (AU)

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer as barreiras percebidas, bem como possíveis variáveis preditivas, em pessoas que praticam atividade física em academias de ginástica que ficaram confinadas em casa pela pandemia do COVID-19. A amostra foi composta por 8.087 praticantes de atividade física. Um questionário online foi administrado pore-mail. Uma análise descritiva das barreiras percebidas e uma análise de regressão logística foram realizadas para determinar possíveis variáveis preditoras. As barreiras percebidas mais importantes foram o preço e a sorte na segurança. Idade, sexo, frequência de prática física vigorosa e observância das recomendações da OMS seriam as variáveis preditoras em maior extensão das barreiras percebidas. Os resultados são relevantes para que as organizações esportivas planejem sua oferta de serviços após o confinamento. (AU)

Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses - Part 1. / Granulomas en dermatopatología: principales entidades. Parte I.

This series of 2 articles on dermatopathologic diagnoses reviews conditions in which granulomas form. Part 1 clarifies concepts, discusses the presentation of different types of granulomas and giant cells, and considers a large variety of noninfectious diseases. Some granulomatous diseases have a metabolic origin, as in necrobiosis lipoidica. Others, such as granulomatous mycosis fungoides, are related to lymphomas. Still others, such as rosacea, are so common that dermatologists see them nearly daily in clinical practice.

Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses - Part 2. / Granulomas en dermatopatología: principales entidades. Parte II.

Part 2 of this series on granulomatous diseases focuses on skin biopsy findings. Whereas the first part treated noninfectious conditions (metabolic disorders and tumors, among other conditions), this part mainly deals with various types of infectious disease along with other conditions seen fairly often by clinical dermatologists.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms: endovascular management after adequate imaging diagnosis.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are rare serious vascular abnormalities mostly due to infections and trauma, although other conditions such as vasculitis, neoplasms, or inflammatory lung diseases can also predispose to this entity. Endovascular techniques such as embolization or covered stent placement have mostly substituted surgical approaches, for their lower invasiveness and greater security, mainly in patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the imaging findings of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms and their endovascular management including tips to help interventional radiologists. PAP should be diagnosed as accurately and early as possible in order to prompt endovascular management of further life-threatening hemoptysis. KEY POINTS: • Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are rare serious vascular abnormalities that may represent a life-threatening condition, mainly due to Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. • Radiologists should know the imaging findings of PAP in order to make an accurate and early diagnosis to prompt endovascular management of further life-threatening hemoptysis.

Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parteII (coagulopatías, émbolos y miscelánea) / Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occusion - Part II: Coagulation Disorders, Emboli, and Other

La patología vascular oclusiva es causante de diversas y variadas manifestaciones clínicas, algunas de ellas con catastróficas consecuencias para el paciente. Dado que las causas de tal oclusión son muy variadas, hemos abordado en un artículo previo reciente en esta misma revista las causas trombóticas. En el presente artículo recopilamos diversas causas adicionales de oclusión intravascular

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. It also has a wide variety of causes, including thrombi, which we recently addressed in part I of this review. In this second part, we look at additional causes of vascular occlusion

Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parte I (trombos) / Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occlusion - Part I: Thrombi

La patplogía vascular oclusiva es causante de diversas y variadas manifestaciones clínicas, algunas de las cuales son de catastróficas consecuencias para el paciente. Sin embargo, las causas de tal oclusión son muy variadas, extendiéndose desde trombos por acción descontrolada de los mecanismos de coagulación, hasta anomalías de los endotelios de los vasos u oclusión por materiales extrínsecos. En una serie de dos artículos hacemos una revisión de las principales causas de oclusión vascular, resumiendo sus manifestaciones clínicas principales y los hallazgos histopatológicos fundamentales. Esta primera parte corresponde a las oclusiones vasculares que cursan con trombos

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. The causes of vascular occlusion are also highly variable, ranging from thrombi triggered by the uncontrolled activation of coagulation mechanisms, on the one hand, to endothelial dysfunction or occlusion by material extrinsic to the coagulation system on the other. In a 2-part review, we look at the main causes of vascular occlusion and the key clinical and histopathologic findings. In this first part, we focus on vascular occlusion involving thrombi

Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occlusion - Part I: Thrombi. / Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parte I (trombos).

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. The causes of vascular occlusion are also highly variable, ranging from thrombi triggered by the uncontrolled activation of coagulation mechanisms, on the one hand, to endothelial dysfunction or occlusion by material extrinsic to the coagulation system on the other. In a 2-part review, we look at the main causes of vascular occlusion and the key clinical and histopathologic findings. In this first part, we focus on vascular occlusion involving thrombi.

Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occusion - Part II: Coagulation Disorders, Emboli, and Other. / Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parteII (coagulopatías, émbolos y miscelánea).

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. It also has a wide variety of causes, including thrombi, which we recently addressed in partI of this review. In this second part, we look at additional causes of vascular occlusion.

Placa atrófica en la espalda de un varón de 14 años / Atrophic Plaque on the Back of a 14-Year-Old Boy

No disponible

Generación de células mesenquimales con potencial osteogénico mejorado genéticamente para el tratamiento de enfermedades que cursan con defectos de masa ósea / Generation of human mesenchymal cells with genetically improved osteogenic potential for treatment of bone diseases

Objetivo: Generar células madre mesenquimales humanas (MSCs) modificadas para optimizar su potencial de diferenciación osteogénica, destinadas a su empleo en implantes cerámicos para regeneración ósea. Material y método: Se emplearon ratones inmunodeficientes NOD/SCID (3-6 ratones por condición experimental y ensayo) y se generaron vectores lentivirales basados en la recombinasa Cre, que sobreexpresan el factor regulador del proceso osteogénico Dlx5 (o la proteína fluorescente GFP como control) de forma autolimitada en el tiempo. Estos vectores se utilizaron para transducir hMSCs, y su potencial osteogénico se analizó in vitro e in vivo en un modelo de formación de hueso heterotópico en ratón. Resultados: Las hMSCs transducidas con los vectores que expresan Dlx5 de forma autolimitada fueron capaces de diferenciarse eficientemente a hueso de forma espontánea, de manera similar a las hMSCs control en presencia del factor osteoinductor BMP-2. Conclusión: Hemos desarrollado un sistema de modificación de hMSCs para aumentar su potencial osteogénico que consiste en un vector lentiviral que expresa el factor osteoinductor Dlx5 de forma autolimitada. Las hMSCs modificadas diferencian a hueso de manera eficiente, tanto in vitro como in vivo (AU)

Objective: This article proposes the generation of modified human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for optimizing their osteogenic differentiation potential, in order to be employed in ceramic implants for bone regeneration. Material and method: We have generated lentiviral vectors based on Cre recombinase, which lead to overexpression of a regulatory factor of osteogenic process, Dlx5 (or GFP fluorescent protein as a control), in a selflimited fashion. We have transduced hMSCs with these vectors, and we have analyzed their osteogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo in a model of heterotopic bone formation in mice. For this purpose we have used immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice (3-6 mice per condition and experiment). Results: hMSCs transduced with self-limited Dlx5-expressing vectors efficiently differentiate into bone in vitro and in vivo, similar to control hMSCs in the presence of osteoinductive factor BMP-2. Conclusion: We have developed a system to modify hMSCs in order to improve their osteogenic potential. This system consists of a lentiviral vector which expresses osteoinductive factor Dlx5 in a self-limited fashion. Modified hMSCs efficiently differentiate into bone, both in vitro and in vivo (AU)

Ascorbate-dependent decrease of the mucosal immune inflammatory response to gliadin in coeliac disease patients

Background: The IL-15/NF-KappaB axis has an important role in coeliac disease (CD) and may represent a molecular target for immunomodulation. Ascorbate (vitamin C) is known to show inhibitory effects on NF-KappaB. Therefore, we studied if ascorbate supplementation to gliadin gliadin-stimulated biopsy culture could down-regulate the mucosal immune response to gliadin in CD. Methods: Duodenal biopsy explants from treated CD patients were gliadin challenged in vitro (100ìg/ml) with and without 20mM ascorbate. An extra tissue explant in basal culture was used as internal control. Secretion levels of nitrites (3h), and IFNGamma, TNFalpha, IFNalpha, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-6 (24h) were measured on the supernatants. IL-15 was assayed by western-blot on whole protein duodenal explants. Results: The addition of ascorbate to in vitro culture gliadin-challenged biopsies blocked the secretion of nitrites (p=0.013), IFNGamma (p=0.0207), TNFalpha (p=0.0099), IFNá (p=0.0375), and IL-6 (p=0.0036) compared to samples from non-ascorbate supplemented culture. Cytokine secretion was downregulated by ascorbate even to lower values than those observed in basal cultures (IFNGamma: p=0.0312; TNFalpha: p=0.0312; IFNá: p=0.0312; and IL-6: p=0.0078). Gliadin-challenge induced IL-15 production in biopsies from treated CD patients, while the addition of ascorbate to culture medium completely inhibited IL-15 production. Moreover, the inhibition of IL-15 by ascorbate took place even in the only treated CD-patient who had basal IL-15 production. Conclusions: Ascorbate decreases the mucosal inflammatory response to gluten in an intestinal biopsy culture model, so it might have a role in future supplementary therapy in CD(AU)

Ascorbate-dependent decrease of the mucosal immune inflammatory response to gliadin in coeliac disease patients.

BACKGROUND: The IL-15/NF-κB axis has an important role in coeliac disease (CD) and may represent a molecular target for immunomodulation. Ascorbate (vitamin C) is known to show inhibitory effects on NF-κB. Therefore, we studied if ascorbate supplementation to gliadin gliadin-stimulated biopsy culture could down-regulate the mucosal immune response to gliadin in CD. METHODS: Duodenal biopsy explants from treated CD patients were gliadin challenged in vitro (100 µg/ml) with and without 20mM ascorbate. An extra tissue explant in basal culture was used as internal control. Secretion levels of nitrites (3h), and IFNγ, TNFα, IFNα, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-6 (24h) were measured on the supernatants. IL-15 was assayed by western-blot on whole protein duodenal explants. RESULTS: The addition of ascorbate to in vitro culture gliadin-challenged biopsies blocked the secretion of nitrites (p=0.013), IFNγ (p=0.0207), TNFα (p=0.0099), IFNα (p=0.0375), and IL-6 (p=0.0036) compared to samples from non-ascorbate supplemented culture. Cytokine secretion was downregulated by ascorbate even to lower values than those observed in basal cultures (IFNγ: p=0.0312; TNFα: p=0.0312; IFNα: p=0.0312; and IL-6: p=0.0078). Gliadin-challenge induced IL-15 production in biopsies from treated CD patients, while the addition of ascorbate to culture medium completely inhibited IL-15 production. Moreover, the inhibition of IL-15 by ascorbate took place even in the only treated CD-patient who had basal IL-15 production. CONCLUSIONS: Ascorbate decreases the mucosal inflammatory response to gluten in an intestinal biopsy culture model, so it might have a role in future supplementary therapy in CD.

Atributos psicométricos de la versión española de la escala de cribado A-TAC para trastornos del espectro autista / Psychometric attributes of the spanish version of A-TAC screening scale for autism spectrum disorders

Introducción: Actualmente debido a la ausencia de marcadores biológicos, el cribado de trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) se centra fundamentalmente en la presencia de alteraciones conductuales caracterizadas por alteraciones en la interacción social y comunicación verbal y no verbal. Objetivo: Evaluar los atributos psicométricos de la versión española de la escala de autismo Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities Inventory (A-TAC), como medida de cribado de TEA. Material y métodos: Se incluyó en el estudio a 140 escolares (43% niños, 57% niñas), de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 16 años, con TEA (n = 15), discapacidad intelectual (n = 40), enfermedades psiquiátricas (n = 22), tics (n = 12) y participantes controles (n = 51). Se analizaron los principales atributos psicométricos como la fiabilidad, asunción escalar, la consistencia interna, la precisión y la validez predictiva. Resultados: La consistencia interna de la A-TAC fue alta (α = 0,93) y el error estándar de medida fue adecuado (1,13 [intervalo de confianza del 95%, —1,08 a 3,34]). Las puntuaciones medias de la escala A-TAC fueron más altas en participantes diagnosticados con TEA y discapacidad intelectual comparadas con el resto de participantes (p < 0,001), siendo el área bajo la curva de 0,96 para el grupo de TEA. Conclusión: La subescala de autismo de la escala A-TAC es un instrumento fiable, válido y preciso para el cribado de TEA en la población escolar española (AU)

Background: As there are no biological markers for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), screening must focus on behaviour and the presence of a markedly abnormal development or a deficiency in verbal and non-verbal social interaction and communication. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric attributes of a Spanish version of the autism domain of the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities Inventory (A-TAC) scale for ASD screening. Material and methods: A total of 140 subjects (43% male, 57% female) aged 6-16, with ASD (n = 15), Mental Retardation (n = 40), Psychiatric Illness (n = 22), Tics (n = 12) and controls (n = 51), were included for ASD screening. The predictive validity, acceptability, scale assumptions, Internal consistency, and precision were analysed. Results: The internal consistency was high (α = 0.93), and the standard error was adequate (1.13 [95% CI, -1.08 a 3.34]). The mean scores of the Autism module were higher in patients diagnosed with ASD and mental disability compared to the rest of the patients (P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.96 for the ASD group. Conclusion: The autism domain of the A-TAC scale seems to be a reliable, valid and precise tool for ASD screening in the Spanish school population (AU)

[Psychometric attributes of the Spanish version of A-TAC screening scale for autism spectrum disorders]. / Atributos psicométricos de la versión española de la escala de cribado A-TAC para trastornos del espectro autista.

BACKGROUND: As there are no biological markers for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), screening must focus on behaviour and the presence of a markedly abnormal development or a deficiency in verbal and non-verbal social interaction and communication. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric attributes of a Spanish version of the autism domain of the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities Inventory (A-TAC) scale for ASD screening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 140 subjects (43% male, 57% female) aged 6-16, with ASD (n=15), Mental Retardation (n=40), Psychiatric Illness (n=22), Tics (n=12) and controls (n=51), were included for ASD screening. The predictive validity, acceptability, scale assumptions, internal consistency, and precision were analysed. RESULTS: The internal consistency was high (α=0.93), and the standard error was adequate (1.13 [95% CI, -1.08 a 3.34]). The mean scores of the Autism module were higher in patients diagnosed with ASD and mental disability compared to the rest of the patients (P<.001). The area under the curve was 0.96 for the ASD group. CONCLUSION: The autism domain of the A-TAC scale seems to be a reliable, valid and precise tool for ASD screening in the Spanish school population.

Error propagation in differential phase evaluation.

In many metrological applications the data being measured is associated to the phase difference codified in two fringe patterns. This phase difference can be recovered directly with what are called Differential Phase Shifting Algorithms (DPSAs) by using a combination of irradiance values from both patterns in the arctangent argument. Use of such algorithms requires characterisation mechanisms to inform of their sensitivity to the various random and systematic error sources, which is the same as for well-studied Phase Shifting Algorithms (PSAs). Thus, we present a new analysis of error propagation for DPSAs taking into account the frequency shifting property of the employed arctangent function. The general analysis is verified for significant specific cases associated to large errors that appear during phase difference evaluation using the Monte Carlo method, which provides a characterisation of a DPSA's sensitivity; this is an alternative to spatial and temporal techniques but has wholly coinciding results. Monte Carlo simulation opens up the possibilities for the analysis of other error types for any DPSA.

Fourier analysis of two-stage phase-shifting algorithms.

Differential phase-shifting algorithms (DPSAs) and sum phase-shifting algorithms (SPSAs) recover directly the phase difference and the phase sum, respectively, encoded in two patterns. These algorithms can be obtained, for instance, by an appropriate combination of phase-shifting algorithms (PSAs), which makes unnecessary the previous calculation and subtraction or addition of each individual optical phase by means of conventional PSAs. A filtering process in the frequency domain is presented that allows us to obtain in a simple and elegant manner a qualitative characterization with a Fourier description of the two-stage phase-shifting evaluation that reveals possible phase shifter miscalibration errors and unexpected harmonics in the signal.